In a recent study published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers explored the antibacterial and anticancer properties of bioactive peptides extracted from abalone guts.
background
Marine organisms could be a promising new source of bioactive molecules; However, only a few studies to date have characterized and commercialized marine biomolecules. In 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved tripethetine, a bioactive peptide extracted from seafood for the treatment of sarcoma. In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of marine sponge-derived ericlin mesylate for the treatment of breast cancer.
Abalone (Haliotisspp.) is a marine mollusk whose demand and farming have surged worldwide in recent years. During processing, abalone offal, which make up 15-25% of its wet weight, is discarded, resulting in the loss of several tons of offal per year. Since abalone offal is a rich source of protein, it can serve as a precursor for bioactive peptides that exhibit nutritional and pharmacological properties.
Previous studies have shown that mollusc visceral extracts effectively inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli K1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baobani. In addition, in a mouse model of breast cancer, administration of abalone visceral inhibited tumor progression.
About this study
In the current study, the researchers studied Haliotis fulgens and H. Visceral extracts of abalone species, including corrugata, have antibacterial activity against 11 opportunistic bacterial pathogens and 4 common fungal species of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The anticancer activity of these visceral extracts has also been evaluated in the class IV prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cell line, one of the most common cancers in men.
The researchers used three batches of abalone offal, each weighing 150 grams (grams), to extract the bioactive peptides. The peptide extraction process involves different enzyme concentrations, centrifugation, and incubation conditions.
More specifically, the researchers increased the amount of Wobenzym used for visceral hydrolysis from 2 grams to 15 grams to increase protein hydrolysis. Importantly, this process does not affect the pattern pattern of protein patterning in sodium lauryl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.
Use the SmartSpec 3000 spectrophotometer to quantify proteins in visceral-derived hydrolyzed extracts and their chromatographic fractions. In addition, the hydrolyzed samples are fractionated by gel filtration. This process yields high, medium, medium, and low molecular weight (MW) proteins in the size ranges of 116.25-200 kilodaltons (kDa), 66.25-116.25 kDa, and 31-66.25 kDa, respectively.
The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of all isolated proteins was subsequently determined.
Antimicrobial potential of abalone offal
The medium MW protein fraction of H. corrugata is active against Mirabilis Proteus and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. In contrast, the protein components between 6.5-21.5 kDa and 97.4-116.25 kDa were active against Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, respectively.
H in size between 31-200 kDa. The fulgens peptide component is effective against six strains. H in size between 21.5-116.25 kDa. The fulgens peptide component showed activity against fungi, A. niger, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus flavus.
Abalone visceral derived peptides have low inhibitory potential against bacteria. This may be due to the presence of a large number of proteins in the chromatographic components and their limited interaction with bacterial membranes. Therefore, more work needs to be done to identify bioactive peptides with higher antimicrobial activity and understand how they work.
From H. H. fulgens and H. The bioactive peptides of corrugata, specifically chromatographic components 33-41, exhibit cytotoxicity to PC-3 cells using two different concentrations.
Anticancer properties
The cytotoxic effect of abalone component 3-33 was evaluated in prostate cancer cell PC-41. When PC-200 was treated with fractions at a concentration of 3 μg/ml, high cell viability was observed in addition to treatment with fraction 37. More specifically, a 37-point treatment resulted in cell viability of 200% at 400 and 80 μg/ml.
In addition to this significant cytotoxic activity, reduced matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-2) and MMP-2 expression was observed in PC-9-treated cells. The expression of MMP includes collagen, enzymes, and proteins that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) to inhibit tumor cell metastasis, often associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients.
conclusion
Bioactive peptides obtained from the hydrolysis of abalone visceral showed significant biological activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as several fungal strains. Some of these peptides also regulate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which may reflect the potential anti-cancer properties of these biomolecules.
Future studies are needed to characterize the precise amino acid sequences in these peptides, which may be responsible for their anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
Bibliography:
Rivera-Pérez, C., Ponce González, X.P. & Hernández-Savedra, N.Y. (2023). Antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activity of bioactive peptides derived from abalone viscera (Haliotis fulgensandHaliotis corrugata). Scientific Reports13(15185).
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